Trends in Criminal Summons Issuance, Outcomes, and Racial Disparities, 2023-2024
August 2025
Low-Level Enforcement
DCJ publishes research that shows the impact of discretionary law enforcement policies and practices, including stops, arrests, and summons issuance.
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- Research Network
Justice at a Crossroads in New York City: Reexamining Crime, Victimization, Enforcement, Incarceration, and Racial Disparities
April 2025
Four Decades of Law Enforcement in New York State: Changing Arrest, Prosecution, and Sentencing Trends, 1980-2023
December 2024
Racial Disparities in New York City Civil Summonses, 2019-2022
April 2024
Racial and Neighborhood Disparities in New York City Criminal Summons Practices
March 2024
Assessing Progress in Reducing Racial Disparities in New York City Law Enforcement, 2013-2022
March 2024